Excisional Biopsy

What is Excisional Mass Biopsy?

Excisional mass biopsy is a surgical procedure in which an entire abnormal lump or suspicious mass is removed from the body for diagnostic examination under a microscope. It is commonly used when:

• The mass is small enough to be completely removed.
• Imaging or prior needle biopsies were inconclusive.
• There's a suspicion of malignancy (cancer).
• Both diagnosis and treatment can be achieved in one procedure.

What are the Indications for Excisional Mass Biopsy?

The common indications for excisional mass biopsy include the following:

• Suspicious breast lump
• Lymph node enlargement
• Skin or subcutaneous masses
• Soft tissue tumors
• Bone lesions

What Does the Procedure for Excisional Mass Biopsy Involve?

The procedure for an excisional mass biopsy involves surgically removing the entire abnormal lump or mass along with a margin of surrounding healthy tissue for diagnostic examination. It is typically performed under local or general anesthesia, depending on the size and location of the mass. After sterilizing the area, the surgeon makes an incision over the site of the mass, carefully excises the entire lump, and controls any bleeding. The wound is then closed using sutures or surgical staples. The removed tissue is sent to a pathology lab where it is analyzed under a microscope to determine whether it is benign or malignant. This procedure serves both diagnostic and, in some cases, therapeutic purposes.

What Does Post-Procedure Care for Excisional Mass Biopsy Involve?

Following the procedure, patients are usually advised to keep the area clean and dry, avoid strenuous activity for a few days, and follow instructions on how to care for the incision, such as changing dressings and watching for redness, swelling, or discharge. Mild pain, bruising, or swelling at the site is common and can be managed with prescribed or over-the-counter pain relievers. Stitches may need to be removed in a follow-up visit, unless dissolvable sutures are used. The healthcare provider will also discuss pathology results once available and provide further treatment recommendations if necessary.

What are the Risks and Complications of Excisional Mass Biopsy?

The risks and complications of an excisional mass biopsy are generally low but can include bleeding, infection, and scarring at the surgical site. Some patients may experience pain, swelling, or bruising after the procedure. In rare cases, there may be damage to nearby nerves or tissues, especially if the mass is located near sensitive structures. If the entire mass is not removed, there is also a risk of recurrence.

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